Following a Jacobite plot against William III, an Act of Association required all office holders to take a solemn Oath of Association vowing to combine with others 'for the better preservation of His Majesty's royal person and government'.

Although intended for office holders, the Oath rolls were open for all to sign and in many places most males of some age and standing did so.

The originals are held at the National Archives in class C 213, whilst the returns for Monmouthshire are in piece numbers 176-180.

This transcript, donated to the Society by Denzil Hollis in 1948 is described as being for 'The County of Monmouth'. However it is not clear whether this lists inhabitants of the town of Monmouth, or the county of Monmouthshire.